The upper chart shows the path of Mars across the background stars over the course of the year. Stars to magnitude +4.5 are shown with some fainter objects included to complete constellation patterns. The white circles represent the planet on the first day of the month and are scaled according to apparent magnitude. The faint paths before the first circle and after the last circle represent the planet's positions in December of last year and January of next. In general, the planet moves from right to left except when it's in retrograde and proceding in the opposite direction.
The lower chart shows how the appearance of Mars changes over the year. Below each image is listed the date, the apparent magnitude, the apparent diameter of the disk (in arc-seconds), the geocentric distance (in au) and the percentage of the disk which is illuminated. Note that Mars appears distinctly gibbous near the times of quadrature.
The red planet begins the year in the morning sky, sharing the constellation Libra with its giant neighbour Jupiter with which it has a close encounter early in January. Rising ever farther ahead of the Sun, Mars next encounters a planet in April when it passes near Saturn. Opposition occurs at the end of July. This is a particularly favourable opposition from an observational standpoint with the disk of Mars appearing over 24 arc-seconds in diameter. The planet is easiest to see from southern latitudes this year although northern observers finally get some better views toward the end of 2018 when Mars is an evening sky object.
| 07 January | 0.2° south of Jupiter |
| 30 January | Libra → Scorpius |
| 07 February | Scorpius → Ophiuchus |
| 11 March | Ophiuchus → Sagittarius |
| 16 March | descending node |
| 20 March | 0.8° north of NGC 6530, an open star cluster within M8, the Lagoon Nebula |
| 24 March | west quadrature |
| 02 April | planetary conjunction: 1.3° south of Saturn |
| 14 May | Sagittarius → Capricornus |
| 22 May | equinox: autumn in the northern hemisphere and spring in the southern hemisphere |
| 28 June | stationary point: direct → retrograde |
| 27 July | opposition: magnitude −2.7, apparent diameter 24.2 arc-seconds |
| 31 July | minimum distance from Earth: 0.385 au |
| 16 August | maximum declination south |
| 28 August | stationary point: retrograde → direct |
| 16 September | perihelion |
| 16 October | solstice: winter in the northern hemisphere and summer in the southern hemisphere |
| 18 October | 1.9° south of the Moon |
| 10 November | Capricornus → Aquarius |
| 16 November | lunar occultation: 1.0° north of the Moon |
| 03 December | east quadrature |
| 07 December | planetary conjunction: 0.4° north of Neptune |
| 21 December | Aquarius → Pisces |
| 31 December | maximum declination north |
